A card showed up at my desk, a few days early for my official birthday. Some people can restrain themselves from opening cards until the appointed day, but I’m not one of them!
The card was one of those that has wildflower seeds incorporated into the paper’s fibers—Maybe you’ve seen them? The basic idea is that you can enjoy the card, and then plant the pieces of paper and end up with flowering plants as the seeds germinate and grow. I really like the idea.
Tree-Free Greetings of Swanzey, New Hampshire made the card, and the back of the card lists the species of seeds: sweet william, pinks, rocket larkspur, candytuft, baby blue eyes, corn poppy, forget-me-not, wallflower, columbine, zinnia, lemon mint, five spot, catchfly, English daisy, sweet alyssum, spurred snapdragon and black eyed Susan. At least two of them I recognize as being California wildflowers, baby blue eyes (Nemophila menziesii) and five spot (Nemophila maculata).
After my real birthday, I’ll plan on cutting up the paper containing the seeds, putting a small piece in each of several little pots, covering the paper with a fine layer of seed mix, watering them in, and seeing what comes up. I’ve always wondered what effect paper-making—a wet process—has on the viability of the seeds that are incorporated into the pulp. By now you probably know how much I like little experiments and adventures like this. This should be fun—I’ll keep you all posted!
This has been one of the most spectacular years I can remember for coyote bush, Baccharis pilularis.
With many plants still dormant from a long season with no rain, the perky green baccharis with their over the top heads of white seeds stand out. They look especially amazing with the sun behind them, lighting up the masses of seed.
Here’s a closeup of a stem swarming with seeds…
…looking closer…
…and closer still. You can see here that the seeds are attached to the white parachutes that give the plants their white color this time of year in the wilds. These photos were taken in Tecolote Canyon, a few blocks from my house, this past Friday, one day before our first measurable rainfall in 164 days knocked many of these seeds off the plants.
Coyote bush is sometimes used in native gardens, occasionally in this upright form, but more often in its prostrate Central California coastal form. The selections ‘Pigeon Point’ and ‘Twin Peaks’ are fairly popular. But if you grow the these selections you’ll find that only male plants are used horticulturally, meaning you’ll miss out on this display of seed heads that can begin in late summer and last until the winds and rains disperse them.
For contrast, this is a boy coyote bush, sturdy and green with no supplemental water here near the coast. The buckwheats and sage and sagebrush have all retreated to their dormant gray late summer coloration all around him.
And a closeup of his dried flowers. Nothing nearly so spectacular as his sisters this time of year. But he’s got one advantage in that he’s not filling the air with parachutes of seed blowing everywhere like his messy sisters.
Male or female, coyote bush plays host to more interesting beneficial local bugs than you’ll see on almost any other plant. I’ll be starting some of these from seed this year in hopes of getting one of these spectacularly messy female plants. Down-wind four houses from me is the canyon, so seed dispersal shouldn’t be a problem.
Last spring’s trip to the Santa Ysabel Preserve introduced me to chaparral whitethorn in full bloom. This plant, Ceanothus leucodermis, has a reputation for being a touchy garden subject. But seeing its pale blue flowers set off against a plant with glowing white bark made me want to see if I might be able to grow it where I live, two thousand feet lower in elevation and much nearer the coast.
I was intrigued when the Theodore Payne seed listing offered it. One seed packet might give me several plants to try for not too much expense. Maybe one of the plants would end up in the spot in the garden that would make it happy.
The first challenge you face when a packet of seeds arrive is to get them to germinate. I was afraid that a plant that’s hard to grow might also be difficult to germinate, so I went to Dara Emory’s handy resource, Seed Propagation of California Native Plants for assistance. There she recommends two special treatments for the seed: boiling water treatment, followed by 1-3 months of stratification. But there was a sentence that made the process sound easier than that: “Hot water only may give satisfactory germination.”
The tinkerer in me took that as an opportunity to conduct another little garden experiment. I divided the seeds into three lots. Most went right back into the packet they came it—It was way too many seeds for me to contemplate dealing with, even if the germination rate was spotty.
I poured a small quantity of rapidly boiling water on the other two seed batches. Dousing with boiling water ordinarily would kill many living things. The first time you do it with seeds, it’s an act that you carry out trusting those who went before you, even as the act itself seems counterintuitive and reckless.
The ceanothus seeds made strange crackling noises when the hot water hit. They have incredibly hard seed coverings, so the crackling was the sound of the seed coats being breached. I let the water cool, and then placed most of the experimental subjects in moist peat moss, and wrapped them up in a ziploc bag for some hibernation in the veggie crisper drawer of the fridge. I saved out nine seeds which escaped the refrigerator treatment. Those went straight into seedling mix in pots that I kept watered on the floor of my unheated greenhouse, which is pretty close to being placed in a a bright spot outdoors.
That was August 1, and within 3 weeks I was beginning to see sprouting seeds. Considering that I could probably make space for three or so plants, this definitely constituted “satisfactory germination.”
I guess I was so happy with the seeds that didn’t receive cold treatment that I forgot about the seeds in the fridge. When I finally checked on them a month ago practically every seed had sprouted and was showing long green seed leaves reaching for a sun that didn’t exist in the refrigerator.
Now with all these seedlings I’m feeling like I’m running a botanical puppy mill. What will I do with all these plants? Of course, I doubt all of them will survive. (What culture was it where children were only named after they had reached their first birthday?) But there will be a few more plants than I’ll need.
Well, I suppose I could donate the spares to next year’s native plant society’s sale—but that’s not until October of 2010. And I could see if any of the members might be interested in swapping for some of their own spare plants hat I’d be interested in…
The current house project reached a milestone, with us getting reaching the waterproof house wrap stage, ready for the siding. What this really means is that it’s no longer a race against the start of the fall rains to get this far. I can slow down a bit and get back to some things in the garden.
The cool, shortening work days signal that the fall planting season is approaching. As in the past I have new plants I’d like to try growing from seed. Consulting the really handy Seed Propagation of Native California Plants by Dara E. Emery, I see that the author recommends planting annuals by the end of October, and sowing lupines by October 15. So it’s really time to get myself in gear.
I’ve already received my order from Theodore Payne Foundation, mostly annuals, most of them plants that I looked at during the winter and spring blooming season and decided to try. I saw this plant combination at the Tree of Life Nursery on my last visit. I liked how the plants looked together, and added two of the three plants to my order: the gorgeous deep purple Parry’s phacelia, Phacelia parryi, and the perky yellow desert marigold, Baileya multiradiata. Another plant I scoped out on my spring treks was the stinging lupine, Lupinus hirsutissimus, and the Payne Foundation catalog had it. The pink, purple and yellow flowers of the three species should play well together. It won’t be anything too subtle, but what do you want out of springtime flowers?
Another interesting catalog, one that I’m looking at is Ginny Hunt’s Seedhunt. She’s got over forty sages from around the world, a dozen unusual restios from South Africa, and a nice representation of California natives. The latter include an attractive cream variant on the normally orange rancher’s fiddleneck, Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata ‘Griswold Hills,’ along with some of the neat tarweeds, hemizonia, seven different clarkias, the less common Salvia carduacea, as well as the stinging lupine and Parry’s phacelia that I’ve already got.
Where many catalogs offer species and hybrid populations where the population’s traits have been fixed through several generations of selfing and sibling crosses, Seedhunt’s listing includes seed mixes of what appear to be open-pollinated agastaches and dahlias. If you have a sense of adventure mixes like this are a brave way to go. Because the exact pollen parents aren’t known, the plants that you get will show a certain amount of variation. The downside is that the plant size, exact flower color and maybe their size and shape your plants might not fit neatly with their neighbors in a manicured border. The fun part about this is that you’ll get a plant that’s not exactly like someone else’s. If you like adventure, this might be just the thing.
So this next week I hope to get at least some these seeds in pots or in the ground. It’ll be a great break from all the house projects. And Saturday the San Diego chapter of the California Native Plant Society is having their big plant sale of the year at Balboa Park. I’m not sure I’ll have time to plant a couple dozen new plants, but I’ll plan on checking things out and seeing what calls my name. There’s always time to look at plants.
My winter pile of plant and seed catalogs contains one that doesn’t fit the usual model. Instead of page after page of gorgeous soft-core pornographic photos and drawings of plants in brawny full leaf and buxom full bloom, the J.L. Hudson Seedsman catalog takes the form of a tight 95 pages of black-on-white text and only twenty-five small line drawings for illustrations.
This is a catalog all about words. It could well change your expectations of what a seed catalog should be. It’s listed as an “ethnobotanical catalog of seeds,” and you can sit down with it and read it like a novel. Most of the seeds descriptions come with a sentence or two of cultural trivia about the plant, mostly about how one of the world’s societies uses that plant. I’ve been finding that this is the catalog that I’ve been spending the most time with this year.
In addition to the interesting catalog copy, you start to notice that the text itself is gorgeous in the way it sits on the page. I was trying to place the special quality it has when I finally noticed on the last page an interesting statement: “This publication was typeset entirely without the use of computers.”
No computers? In 2009? So retro it’s avant-garde, like albums released on vinyl. But worry not. They also have an online presence.
This is definitely a catalog with attitude. It’s also a catalog with a purpose, a purpose that’s well documented in a statement on their website, a purpose that’s in line with their self-description as a “public access seed bank.” You can also start to understand the purpose when you look at the titles of the brief selection of books offered in the back of the catalog.
One of the works, Invasion Biology: Critique of a Pseudoscience, has a writeup that includes the statement, “We have all heard the breathless tales of the dangers of ‘invasive alien species,’ but what does science say about them? …In all cases… introduced species have increased biological diversity.”
Another title, Ecofascism: Lessons from the German Experience, gets a long writeup that includes the impassioned lines, “Most U.S. environmentalists are completely opposed to the aims of fascism, but reactionary forces have begun to bend ecological themes towards these very ends. Only through knowledge may we prevent this perversion of environmentalism.”
Once you understand where the catalog is coming from, you’ll start to understand the almost willful attitude that would drive them to offer seed of black mustard, one of the plants that has taken over much of the local ecosystem and has few friends among the plant people I know. And one of the recent online catalog supplements had seed for Arundo donax, a plant that has taken over some important local riparian habitats. Why don’t you just dump plutonium in your garden? Hmmmm…Does that make me an ecofascist?
You don’t have to agree with everything you see in the catalog, and you don’t have to buy anything out of it. But this is one publication that’s a must read if you’d like to get yourself thinking instead of all hot and bothered over the usual pretty pictures!
Burned, boiled, scraped with a rasp, doused in acid, or left alone? What’s the best way to germinate manzanita seeds?
The first manzanita seedlings
I’d begun a little kitchen experiment over two months ago to see which technique would give the best germination for the Mexican (or pointleaf) manzanita, Actostaphylos pungens. As of a couple days ago, the winner is: scraped with a rasp.
Here are the first two tiny seedlings that breached their seed coats and made it up to daylight. I’d filed down through into the hard seed coat on the seeds of this batch, letting moisture reach the embryo inside, and to make it easier for the new plant to emerge. (In gardener-speak the process is called “scarification.”)
I’ll post more results as the other seedlings emerge. If they ever emerge. This is not one of those instant gratification, buy-it-at-the-home-store-and-stick-it-in-the-ground experiments…
Here are a few mostly unrelated things I’ve been storing up.
Shopping for Pumpkins
McLean, Virginia photo by Joel Sternfeld
First off, I wanted to share this fun(?) photo that’s only a few days late for Canadian Thanksgiving or a couple weeks early for the US holiday. (Be sure to click it to enlarge it to get the full effect.) The image is “McLean, Virginia (1978)” by photographer Joel Sternfeld. It’s his best-known photo and the cover to one of the editions of his book, American Prospects.
A big part of photography can be being in the right place at the right time. But then you have to know when to snap the shutter. Sternfeld nailed this one!
Ornamental Grasses
Grasses have been used as lawn materials for centuries, but the last couple decades have seen an explosion in the use of ornamental grasses that you don’t attack with lawnmowers. The Canadian firm, Bluestem Nursery, has assembled one of the better brief guides to dozens of commonly-used ornamental grasses. When does a grass bloom? How much water does it need? How large does it get? Just take a look at the great summary. Click on the plant name for photos and a more detailed description. It doesn’t have every plant you’ll run into in a seed catalog, but it has plenty of the hardier species.
Penstemons from Seed
A few weeks ago I was planning to sow seeds of a couple species of penstemon. Some of the species in the genus require a cold snap to germinate, others require light, while some respond to a fairly elaborate string of temperature changes. And some just spring to life after you sprinkle them in some soil and water them in. I had no idea what kind of treatment my species required until I went trawling the web. That was when I ran across Jim Swayne’s penstemon seed germination methodology pages.
There you’ll find several hundred penstemon species listed, along with brief germination notes on how you make the little seeds come to life. (For example, one of the more elaborate routines, for P. hartwegii, goes something like: “Sow fresh seed @ 70ºF (21ºC), sow stored seed under thin cover 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC).” Fortunately my two species were closer to the “just add water” category.)
An Election Video You Haven’t Seen
Leaving the garden, I wanted share this clip in recognition of the elections just concluded. It may be the last election footage you’ll need to watch this season: a promo for Please Vote for Me, a Danish documentary from 2007 on an election for Class Monitor for a third grade class in Wuhan, China. It’s a little Sesame Street in parts, but it’s got its Lord of the Flies moments as well.
The pointleaf manzanita seeds I ordered ended up being from one of the many plant species (not only manzanitas) that depend on fire to perpetuate their species. In nature, a brisk fire might wipe out many of the existing plants, but the fire also creates an opportunity for the seedbank to come to life. Without the necessary fire, the seeds just lie on the ground—that’s if they don’t get eaten by critters.
The subjects in this experiment exhibit really really hard shells that protect the embryo inside. Getting word from a hospitable outside world to the swaddled seed germ is the challenge. The seed packet I received recommended soaking them in sulfuric acid for six to fifteen hours. That’s one way to break through the seed coat to get moisture and nutrients inside.
Doing research on similar manzanitas, some sites recommended scratching the seed coat, making sure not to damage the germ inside. Some papers recommended building a four-inch pile of combustibles above the seeds and setting the pile on fire. And yet another recommendation was to boil the seeds for fifteen to thirty seconds (one source) or one to two minutes (another source).
No matter which of the above methods was tried, the seeds also required cold-stratification to convince them that they had endured a near-freezing winter and could begin growth. Which seed-torture method to try was the question.
Sulfuric acid: Where can a non-chemist get it easily? And it sounded a tad dangerous.
Scratching the seed coat (sometimes called scarification): Tedious for more than a couple seeds, and how could I be sure I didn’t scratch off too much? Or not enough?
Building a fire over the seeds? This method also sounded dangerous, but potentially fun.
Boiling the seeds (a variant on scarifying seeds): Sounded safer than acid or fire, but do you go for fifteen seconds or two minutes? Wouldn’t too long kill off the little embryos?
I think that temperamentally I’m part mad scientist. I thought an experiment to test out all the recommended methods might be instructive—and at least a little entertaining.
Acid bottle
[caption id=”attachment_1398” align=”alignleft” width=”300” caption=”Sulfuric acid soak”][/caption] I found some weak sulfuric acid in a little squeeze bottle at a pool supply store. At a concentration of less than 1%, it was meant for testing water, not for playing with the acid balance. Pretty weak excuse for acid, but worth a try. I soaked some seeds for 18 hours overnight, adding a little time to the end because the stuff was so dilute. (A day after doing this I encountered an old bottle of drain cleaner in the garage, something labeled sulfuric acid. I’ll try another soak with the real stuff later on.)
Scratching the seed coat
The next method was to scratch the seed coat. I used a steel file to break the seed coat and a pair of pliers to hold the seed. I scraped varying amounts off the seed coat, from a moderate amount to a fairly aggressive amount. This was hard, slow, delicate work—way more difficult than I thought it would be.
After the burn
I said earlier that building a little fire might be fun. It was, though I smelled like smoke for hours afterward. The flames burned brightly with the aid of a fireplace lighter, then the embers hung around for a good ten more minutes or more.
Somehow this approach seemed to make the most sense to me. If the plants rely on heat, this solution would provide it. If they rely instead on some secret ingredient that emanates from burnt wood, this method would give them that. And if the burning helps break through the hard seed coat, this method could do that, too.
It goes without saying: You need to use a non-flammable pot to do this!
Boiling the seeds
And my last method was boiling the seeds. I brought water to a boil, threw in a few seeds, and picked a forty-five second time period to leave them on the heat. The boiling seemed to soften the seed coating, and I tried to pull off what I could.
No proper scientific experiment is complete without a control group, so there were some additional seeds that I tortured in no way. I was running out of seeds pretty quickly.
Drawer with pots of seeds
Each of the groups of seed were then potted up, labeled, watered, covered with a bag, and then put in the low veggie drawer next to where I store the film for my cameras. Now I keep them moist—not wet—and wait for two months. At the end of November I’ll take the pots out and move them to my unheated greenhouse or maybe a warm windowsill, for temperatures higher than in the fridge. After their various tortures and a proper period of stratifying, maybe I’ll be crowded with so many manzanitas that I can give them away to everyone I know in the spring. Or not.
I had a wish list with me on my last prilgrimage up to Las Pilitas Nursery, a specialist in California native plants located about a fifty-minute drive north of my house. One of the plants on the list was pointleaf manzanita, a.k.a. Mexican manzanita, Arctostaphylos pungens.
There are dozens of different manzanitas. Some creep along the ground. Others approach being tree-sized. The Las Pilitas selection of this species has the characteristic nice red manzanita bark, a graceful upright growth habit, terrific drought tolerance, plus a mature size that was perfect for the places I wanted to put it: about six feet tall and four wide.
When I got to the nursery I found one plant remaining, in a five gallon pot. Valerie at the nursery and a gentleman were looking it over, and he clearly was interested. They noticed me. There was talk of arm-wrestling.
In the end I guess I looked intimidating and the gentleman walked away. The prize was mine. So I came home with a nice large starter plant for where I wanted one for the front yard. I’d wanted several more, however, to put along the back fence. While I could have ordered some plants, I thought it might be interesting to try growing some from seed.
The most excellent Theodore Payne Foundation in the Los Angeles area offered seeds for this manzanita, along with the über-weird and wonderful Coreopsis gigantea and a handful of other plants that proved irresistable at from-seed prices.
The shipment arrived last week, almost no time after I’d sent in the order. (It’s pretty old-school—You actually have to fill out a paper form and mail it in…)
Envelope with acid-soaking instructions
When I opened up the envelope, however, I knew things weren’t going to be easy. H2SO4? Isn’t that sulfuric acid?
Pointleaf manzanita plant [ 
